Winter storms could knock out power — here's how to connect a generator to your house safely

1. Clear the area and position the generator

Portable generators must be placed at least 20 feet away from your home, with the exhaust pointed away from doors, windows, and vents. Never run one in a garage, basement, shed, or near open windows — carbon monoxide builds up quickly in enclosed spaces and can be fatal.

Carbon monoxide detectors near sleeping areas are critical. Check batteries regularly, as CO is invisible and odorless, and generator exhaust produces deadly concentrations.

Before making any connections, shut off power at your home's main breaker to prevent backfeeding. When electricity flows backward into utility lines, it creates risks for utility workers and can damage your appliances.

Clear the area around the generator. Remove snow, debris, and flammable materials, keeping the unit dry with adequate ventilation on all sides.

2. Consider a transfer switch

A transfer switch allows your home to switch from utility power to generator power safely, directing electricity only to selected circuits like heating, refrigeration, and lighting.

Manual transfer switches must be installed by a licensed electrician. Do not attempt DIY installation — improper setup creates the same backfeeding risks the switch is designed to prevent.

Never plug a generator directly into a wall outlet. This bypasses all safety mechanisms and creates immediate backfeed risks that can electrocute utility workers and damage your entire electrical system.

If using a portable generator without a transfer switch, run appliances directly using heavy-duty, generator-rated extension cords. This limits you to powering individual devices but avoids electrical panel work.

3. Connect the generator using proper cables

Before connecting anything, check your generator's load capacity. Make sure to use a generator power cord rated for outdoor use and heavy enough to handle your generator's output. Connect one end to the transfer switch outlet and the other to the generator's output receptacle before starting the unit.

If running appliances directly, plug heavy-duty extension cords into the generator's outlets. Make sure cords are rated for outdoor use and can handle the appliance wattage. Never daisy-chain multiple extension cords as this increases resistance and creates fire hazards.

Follow the manufacturer's instructions exactly, as setup steps vary by model. It's a good idea to test your generator setup before you actually need it.

4. Start the generator

Start the generator and let it run for several minutes before connecting appliances. This warm-up period stabilizes the engine and ensures consistent power output, especially in cold weather.

Connect a small appliance first to confirm the generator is producing power. Listen for smooth operation and check for warning lights or unusual sounds.

If using a transfer switch, flip switches to energize circuits one at a time. Add electrical load gradually to prevent overloading and protect sensitive electronics.

Monitor the generator while running. Check fuel levels, listen for engine changes, and watch for warnings. Keep children and pets away as the unit produces extreme heat and has moving parts that can cause serious injury.

Refuel only after turning off the generator and allowing it to cool for at least 15 minutes. Gasoline spilled on hot engine parts can ignite instantly. Store your fuel in away from living spaces and heat sources, and use fuel stabilizer if storing gasoline for extended periods.