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Supreme Court Ruling: GPS Tracking Requires Warrant

By - Source: Wired

A ruling by the Supreme Court has made it illegal to track a GPS device without a probable-cause warrant.

On Monday the Supreme Court ruled unanimously that in most cases, police, private investigators, and anyone else in need of tracking someone via GPS must acquire a probable-cause warrant before attaching a stand-alone GPS device to a vehicle they do not own. Attaching a GPS device and tracking the target without the warrant is now deemed illegal under the 4th Amendment.

The ruling goes against the Obama administration's position which claims that attaching a GPS device to a vehicle was not a search. The administration even said that it could attach a GPS device to all nine members og the Supreme Court without a warrant. But the majority of the justices disagreed, ruling that such an action does in fact constitute as a search, especially over a long period of time.

The ruling stems from a case involving a District of Columbia drug dealer who was tracked for a month via a GPS device without a warrant. The long-term tracking was deemed legal at the time he was sentenced, but the Supreme Court saw this as "unreasonable" and tossed out the man's life sentencing. The Justice Department argued that it had probable cause, but admitted it didn't acquire a proper warrant.

According to the court papers, the Justice Department actually landed a warrant to install the GPS device in the District of Columbia and within 10 days. Instead, the agents installed the device on the 11th day while in Maryland. The GPS data was used against him only in instances when the vehicle was on public streets. Essentially the Justice Department screwed up and convicted a man using evidence obtained by warrantless use of the GPS device.

"The Fourth Amendment protects the 'right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures,'" reads the court ruling. "Here, the Government’s physical intrusion on an 'effect' for the purpose of obtaining information constitutes a 'search.' This type of encroachment on an area enumerated in the Amendment would have been considered a search within the meaning of the Amendment at the time it was adopted."

But what does that mean for GPS-enabled devices like smartphones, tablets, laptops and even automobiles? Can officials still track these devices without a warrant? Walter Dellinger, the lawyer appealing the drug dealer's conviction, said the decision means that "almost any use of GPS electronic surveillance of a citizen’s movement will be legally questionable unless a warrant is obtained in advance."

To read the full scoop, download the PDF file from the Supreme Court's website here.

There are 25 Comments. B
Other Comments
  • 1 Ð
    aftcomet , January 24, 2012 7:13 PM
    Just speed up the process of getting a warrant.
  • 4 Ð
    nebun , January 24, 2012 7:16 PM
    aftcometJust speed up the process of getting a warrant.

    i am a little confused by your statement
  • 4 Ð
    Parrdacc , January 24, 2012 7:17 PM
    Yeah! Just when I was thinking the law and government was completely out of sync. Too bad it came about because of a drug dealer, but then again I suppose it had to be some sort of criminal. After all the rights we have are for all Americans even if they happen to be criminals, cause if they don't work to protect the lowest then we know they won't work for the rest of us.
  • 8 Ð
    sunflier , January 24, 2012 7:28 PM
    Quote:
    The [Obama] administration even said that it could attach a GPS device to all nine members of the Supreme Court without a warrant.

    I can't imagine for the life of me why the Supreme Court would rule against unwarranted GPS tracking.
  • 0 Ð
    alidan , January 24, 2012 8:06 PM
    ParrdaccYeah! Just when I was thinking the law and government was completely out of sync. Too bad it came about because of a drug dealer, but then again I suppose it had to be some sort of criminal. After all the rights we have are for all Americans even if they happen to be criminals, cause if they don't work to protect the lowest then we know they won't work for the rest of us.


    makes me sick that he got out on this...

    it should have been a lawsuit case, like the guy who was related to an important islam religious leader who got tracked for a while, took the bug out of his car, and had to give it back. that should have been the case, not against someone who is a real criminal.

    all that said, i dont think all drugs should be illegal, but because he got a life for it, im assumeing its that harder stuff like cocaine, and not pot or lsd.
  • -1 Ð
    sirmorluk , January 24, 2012 8:09 PM
    SCOTUS is on a unanimous roll as of late.
  • -5 Ð
    mrmaia , January 24, 2012 8:11 PM
    Dealing drugs is good, GPS tracking is not.
  • 8 Ð
    NuclearShadow , January 24, 2012 8:22 PM
    Thank goodness for the Supreme Court doing the right thing on this one. The police are not allowed to touch your vehicle in any manner unless they have a warrant. Just like if you get pulled over you have the right to tell them no if they wish to search your vehicle and unless they have a strong probable cause they cannot do so. (denying them the search is also not a justified reason)

    With this unwarranted GPS tracking, not only is this a unjustified search but it likely can criminal within itself. It certainly could be a invasion of privacy and likely other charges.

    Quote:
    Obama administration's position which claims that attaching a GPS device to a vehicle was not a search. The administration even said that it could attach a GPS device to all nine members og the Supreme Court without a warrant.


    And guess who isn't getting my vote next election? Obama has proven time and time again that he cares nothing about human rights not even fellow Americans.
  • 7 Ð
    ubercake , January 24, 2012 8:26 PM
    When the drones are flying over our cities, they won't have as much of a need for attached GPS devices to track people.
  • 3 Ð
    warezme , January 24, 2012 8:48 PM
    it doesn't say they can't track people with GPS anymore just that the police and federal government need probably cause and a warrant. They can't just arbitrarily decide to GPS anyone for any reason. Before, the government tried to say GPS tracking was not a search and did not require warrant. The courts decision makes obvious sense and I am for one glad to see they have ruled it as such. The police and federal agencies will object but it shouldn't effect how they do business if they are truly doing their jobs and just targeting the people doing the crimes.
  • 1 Ð
    hoofhearted , January 24, 2012 9:06 PM
    I wonder if this applies to wireless carriers? (... read CarrierIQ ...)
  • -4 Ð
    Goldengoose , January 24, 2012 9:26 PM
    sunflierI can't imagine for the life of me why the Supreme Court would rule against unwarranted GPS tracking.

    Well we all moan about not wanting to be tracked by the government, want our own privacy and basically not wanting to be china - then you disagree with something that rules in privacy's favour.
  • 4 Ð
    ctbaars , January 24, 2012 9:33 PM
    GoldengooseWell we all moan about not wanting to be tracked by the government, want our own privacy and basically not wanting to be china - then you disagree with something that rules in privacy's favour.

    ..re-read the quote that was attached to that statement and you'll get the sarcasm ;) 
  • 0 Ð
    Onus , January 24, 2012 10:32 PM
    NuclearShadow...0bama has proven time and time again that he cares nothing about human rights not even Americans.

    Fixed for you. Citizen or not, the man has no frapping clue about the American Experience.
  • -1 Ð
    jsrudd , January 24, 2012 11:03 PM
    A small correction is that the Court held that this specific GPS tracking was unconstitutional because it involved a trespass. This leaves open the possibility that attaching a GPS tracker to a car parked in a public place would be allowed.
  • 1 Ð
    HEXiT , January 24, 2012 11:17 PM
    lols you think obama is bad, just wait till the right wing get in... they introduced most of todays current legislation that steals your rights.
    the tea party will have you burning books and banning rock and roll...

    the supreme court should have acted on this a lot sooner, same with mobile gps or any other kind of tracking... they also need to catch up on Internet also and stop this mining of ip addresses attached to trackers thus proving you are all pirates. even if your not you are... or so sopa would have you believe.

    seriously guys, wake up, your civil rights are under attack from government and big business...
    its time to stand up for them, coz if you dont you will have none soon enough, regardless of the supreme court as you have already seen with Guantanamo... that aint legal but its still open and taking more prisoners every day...
  • 1 Ð
    efffive , January 25, 2012 1:00 AM
    jsruddA small correction is that the Court held that this specific GPS tracking was unconstitutional because it involved a trespass. This leaves open the possibility that attaching a GPS tracker to a car parked in a public place would be allowed.


    Hmm well yes and no. From the Opinion on the court page 2.

    Quote:
    On the 11th day, and not in the District of Columbia but
    in Maryland, agents installed a GPS tracking device on
    the undercarriage of the Jeep while it was parked in a
    public parking lot


    So there was no trespass having to do with where the Jeep was parked. However it was indeed unconstitutional trespass because the government trespassed against Jones' effects. They clarify that the Jeep is the effect that is being trespassed in the decision.

    Quote:
    The Fourth Amendment provides in relevant part that "[t]he right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated." It is beyond dispute that a vehicle is an "effect" as that term is used in the Amendment




  • 2 Ð
    wiyosaya , January 25, 2012 2:46 AM
    NuclearShadowAnd guess who isn't getting my vote next election? Obama has proven time and time again that he cares nothing about human rights not even fellow Americans.
    The current administration defending this is something that every "current administration" does. Do a bit of searching, I'm sure you will find it is true. If McCain had won, his administration would have defended this, but that is something that we would expect from McCain.
  • 1 Ð
    wiyosaya , January 25, 2012 2:54 AM
    HEXiTlols you think obama is bad, just wait till the right wing get in... they introduced most of todays current legislation that steals your rights.the tea party will have you burning books and banning rock and roll...the supreme court should have acted on this a lot sooner, same with mobile gps or any other kind of tracking... they also need to catch up on Internet also and stop this mining of ip addresses attached to trackers thus proving you are all pirates. even if your not you are... or so sopa would have you believe.seriously guys, wake up, your civil rights are under attack from government and big business...its time to stand up for them, coz if you dont you will have none soon enough, regardless of the supreme court as you have already seen with Guantanamo... that aint legal but its still open and taking more prisoners every day...

    This ruling may indeed lead to cases where IP mining without a warrant is deemed inadmissible in court.

    IMHO, however, the ruling means little. If the FBI had sought the warrant, it seems that they probably would have gotten a warrant in this case. So, all this has done is given law enforcement a mandate that they cannot track a perp using GPS technology attached to that perp's vehicle without a warrant. In truly criminal cases, I doubt that it will be difficult to get a warrant.

    As in this case, it is when law enforcement goes outside of the bounds established by the constitution that civil rights are violated.
  • 1 Ð
    thrasher32 , January 25, 2012 3:43 AM
    Hahaha why does this ruling even matter if you can be detained without cause? I mean why go through all the trouble of gathering evidence against you when they can just arrest you (which, by the way, implies the right to search you) and throw you in jail for no reason?
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