Common Telescope Types

By Douglas Mechaber, published on December 28, 2007
Source: Tom's Guide US | Keywords: , | Themes: Digital Cameras, Digital Entertainment

2. Common Telescope Types

For those new to astronomy, there are three main types of telescopes, and I have compiled a brief chart of the relative advantages and disadvantages of each. From Starizona website , I copied internal diagrams of each type. There’s a good article on choosing a telescope at Sky and Telescope’s website and from Stellafane website. Or check out Hack #9 in Astronomy Hacksfrom O’Reilly website. Other Internet articles on this topic also abound.

standard refractor astronomy Cut-away diagram of a standard refractor.

newtonian reflector astronomy Cut-away diagram of a standard reflector, sometimes called a Newtonian reflector.

schmidt cassegrain Cut-away diagram of a Schmidt-Cassegrain (SCT), also called a catadioptric, for its combination of a lens and a mirror.

Table 1. Selected Properties of Three Common Telescope Types
Property Newtonian Reflector Refractor Scmidt-Cassegrain
Cost - per aperture Least expensive for given size aperture Most expensive for given size aperture intermediate
Size, portability Length 8X mirror diameter Very long, unwieldy for given aperture; eyepiece at inconvenient location Very compact; length is 2-3X diameter; one person can easily transport, set up to 12”
Astrophotography Equatorial mount required for DSO objects; Dobsonians generally not suited Equatorial mount required for DSO objects; Dobsonians generally not suited Very good; mirror shift may make focusing difficult for some accessories
Deep Sky Object (DSO)Viewing Good to very good; a bigger scope is less expensive Pristine image, but size limits aperture, a problem for faint DSOs Generally good
Planetary Object viewing Slightly degraded because of secondary mirror spider Best; want apochromatic, but very expensive Slightly degraded because of center obstruction
Temperature Equilibration Time Generally fast; very large ones cool slowly Small ones are fast Intermediate, depends on size; dew shield and fan for larger scopes
General Must be collimated, but easy to do; may require occasional cleaning Sharpest, higher contrast; more rugged General purpose viewing; lightest; retains collimation for long periods; viewing done from seated position

There are variations on the scope types mentioned above, such as another type of folded optic design called Maksutov-Cassegrain. There are also hybrids of Maksutovs, SCT types, and reflectors. A true Maksutov has a thicker corrector plate, so it requires more cool down time, and usually isn’t used in larger scopes. One very popular type of scope is named for its inventor, Dobson, and refers to its mount. This scope is a standard reflector, but mounted on a flat base, which makes Dobsonian scopes inexpensive. But the Dobsonian’s alt-az base, and the difficulty in mounting a precise drive, makes astrophotography all but impractical. Yet the Dobsonian mount led to a revolution in affordable astronomy, whereby amateurs began making large telescopes-from 10” to a whopping 22” in diameter.

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Deleted profile 12/29/2007 8:45 AM
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GoTo mounts are for lazy people who don't really understand the essence of observing the sky. It's certainly a fun thing to create if you are an engineer, but if you're considering using one, take my advice and buy a book with pictures of the Messier catalog, it's a lot cheaper. A true amateur astronomer never uses those revolting, despicable, hideous GoTo mounts. Get a real standard equatorial mount. Get a good sky atlas. Get a pair of quality binoculars. Know your sky! That's astronomy...
originalgadgetguy 12/31/2007 8:30 AM
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originalgadgetguy
A sensitive topic to be sure. But the point of the article was to encourage those who have an interest in astronomy but never bit the bullet. That is, they don't own a scope because they aren't willing to learn all that needs to be done to find stuff. OK, even lazy. And our readers totally grok computers.

Many amateurs started by using a GoTo. IMHO, the more astronomers the better. Talking to denizens of LAAS and reading cloudyskies.com, there is little sense of elitism. All amateurs are welcome, even and esp. those with GoTos.

I didn't have room to talk about the wedges that covert yoke mounts to equatorial mounts, but they exist for many yoke types. That way you can have the best of both worlds.

Finally, one of the books I recommended does just what you suggest: tries to teach the night sky so you can find stuff without using (or even using) a GoTo. Hope this addresses your comments.

Doug
Deleted profile 12/31/2007 9:40 AM
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I think the guys who say to get a star chart and spend 6 months learning how to find and track things are missing the point and living in the 19th century.

The fact is that these new generations of scopes make astronomy so much more accessible to people who find astronomy interesting but don't have the time or ability to invest. They also make it simple to introduce new people to astronomy by quickly showing them lots of interesting things.

Plus, as a computer geek, there is nothing more fun than plugging your telescope into your laptop, hooking up a camera and driving it around from your computer. Do an easy DIY project like adapting a webcam to use with the scope and you have yourself tons of fun *and* you learn the night sky, you just don't waste months of time trying to figure out how to see anything.
Deleted profile 01/02/2008 5:23 AM
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I totally agree with smurfdog - you spend more time observing and imaging objects than trying to find them - and most of them are very dim anyways. THe manual method of finding objects is definitely 19th century stuff.
CoreyM72 01/02/2008 6:21 AM
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CoreyM72
Science is ever changing and self-correcting. To memorize the sky from Earth is one thing and to explore the universe is another. Technology makes Astronomy possible for all who are willing to learn and grow. Why not use both to your advantage.
Deleted profile 01/03/2008 1:19 AM
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Doug,

I really praise the point of your article. I also love to teach everything I know about the topic to anyone who's interested in the subject, like most amateurs.
Like you said, there's no to little sense of elitism in those groups. But I also know this: Like all the really rewarding things in life, Astronomy requires persistence and solid interest.
I decided to comment your article since I disagree on some things you wrote and that contrast may help people who read it, look at the picture from another angle.

Trying to find Deep Sky Objects or the planets (very easy with little experience and knowledge) in the sky, is where most of the fun is! Having a computer doing it for you is like you own a Porsche and let a chauffeur drive you. The only difference here is that, unlike the chauffeur, the computer has no fun at all!

I didn't find anything interesting on cloudyskies.com, apparently is just a domain for sale. Did you mean www.cloudynights.com?

If your interest is solid, you've got nothing to fear, understanding the sky is a lot easier than most people think.

Diogo.
originalgadgetguy 01/04/2008 7:45 AM
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originalgadgetguy
Diogo et al,
My bad! Yes of course I meant www.cloudynights.com. It's a great site for advice, and mostly cogent tips on purchasing and use.

I think we can agree that for some, starting with GoTos is a great way of getting into astronomy. Then you can progress to star charts and maps, relying less on the GoTo. I want to encourage people to begin this exciting hobby.

Amateur astronomers are one of the few science disciplines where amatuers can and do make professional level contributions!

And even though I understand how the SkyScout works, it is unbelievable to actually use it and watch it ID an object, or have it guide you to some random star in its database...Awesome product. For me, this really helped me better learn the night sky. It's like using a crutch (or a chaffeur) then weaning yourself away from it and driving yourself. Much less pain, and kick butt fun.

Hope this answers your concerns.
Clear skies!

Doug
Deleted profile 01/25/2008 3:09 AM
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Doug,

I am a beginner in the field of astronomy and astrophotography and I would like to purchase some equiptment. Im not exactly sure what types of telescopes and astrophotography equiptment would be best for a beginner and it would be great if you could offer me some advice. I have done a lot of research on telescopes preferably under $500 and CCD cameras along with laptops. If you have any advice that would be great! Thanks.

Note You are going to post a comment as anonymous.



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