Forget brain training to improve your memory — getting the right amount of sleep at the right time is more effective

A woman lying on her side sleeping with a handdrawn thought bubble over her head to show she's thinking
(Image credit: Getty Images)

Our memories are valuable, yet they aren't always reliable. What we remember — and what we forget — often feels random, and it can be disappointing when our memory seems to let us down.

While many people turn to brain training exercises in the hope of sharpening their memory, research shows these methods offer limited benefits. A more effective — and often overlooked — strategy is simply getting consistent, high-quality sleep. Great news for those who’d rather catch some extra rest than spend hours on memory games.

This is because certain sleep stages play a vital role in processing and storing the information and experiences we accumulate throughout the day.

To explore just how essential sleep is for memory, we spoke with Dr. Ryan Sultan, MD, psychiatrist and Research Director at Integrative Psych, to explain how it works. We also asked Dr George Dragoi, Associate Professor of Neuroscience at Yale School of Medicine, for his top tips to get better sleep for better memory.

Sealy Posturepedic Elite Hybrid: Getting the sleep you need improves a litany of issues, but you can't get that sleep if you're waking up stiff and sore. The targeted support of a Sealy Posturepedic® Elite Hybrid mattress helps provide relief where you need it most. This bed flexes to your unique shape, making sure you find the personalized support you need to perform your best in the morning.
SPONSORED

Sealy Posturepedic Elite Hybrid: Getting the sleep you need improves a litany of issues, but you can't get that sleep if you're waking up stiff and sore. The targeted support of a Sealy Posturepedic® Elite Hybrid mattress helps provide relief where you need it most. This bed flexes to your unique shape, making sure you find the personalized support you need to perform your best in the morning.

How does sleep improve memory?

Without sleep, our brain doesn’t have the time to process and consolidate the information we’ve learned during the day. “One way sleep improves memory is by helping the brain solidify new information, which can also be called memory consolidation,” says Dr. Sultan.

“When you learn something during the day- say, study for a test or practice a skill — your brain initially stores that memory in a fragile state,” he explains.

Sleeping after learning is like hitting the “save” button

Dr. Ryan Sultan

“Sleeping after learning is like hitting the “save” button: during sleep, the brain replays and strengthens those new memories so they stick around.”

Alongside this, he says that sleep doesn’t only consolidate memory, but it makes them more stable and easier to recall later.

“For example, people tend to remember word lists or motor skills better after a night of sleep (or even a short nap) compared to an equivalent period spent awake,” he says.

Blonde woman sleeps while morning sunlight hits her face

(Image credit: Getty Images)

What stages of sleep are most important for memory?

Every night, we cycle through different stages of sleep. The sleep cycle includes REM sleep, deep sleep and light sleep.

This is broken up into N1, N2, N3 and REM sleep. Each stage plays an important role in our physical and mental health, including our memory.

N3 is deep or slow wave sleep. “During N3, the brain exhibits synchronized neural firing, and this is when the heavy lifting of memory consolidation occurs for facts and events (what scientists call declarative memory), Dr. Sultan explains”

A woman sleeping on her side wearing an eye mask

(Image credit: Getty Images)

Studies have shown that if this stage is disrupted, people perform worse on tests of recall for things like word pairs or spatial tasks.”

But it’s not just deep sleep that’s essential for memory. “REM sleep plays an important role in emotional memory consolidation,” the doctor explains.

REM sleep is when we experience vivid dreams and these can help us process experiences and feelings.

“It’s good to cope with difficult emotions by processing them in a safe environment,” he adds.

How to sleep better to improve your memory

So, how do we make sure we get quality sleep? We asked Dr. Dragoi to give us his top sleep tips to improve memory.

Go to sleep at the same time every night

Our energy levels are controlled by our internal body clock, which is called the circadian rhythm.

This regulates the release of certain hormones like melatonin (the sleepy hormone) and cortisol (the hormone released in the mornings to wake us.)

A well-regulated circadian rhythm means you’ll find it easier to fall asleep and stay asleep, experiencing enough time in each restorative sleep stage. So how can you regulate it?

“Going to sleep at about the same time every day and avoiding napping at later hours in the day,” says Dr. Dragoi. A consistent sleep schedule is key to ensuring your body clock functions as it should.

A man who is unable to sleep at night covers his head with a white pillow while holding a white alarm clock in the other hand

(Image credit: Getty Images)

Aim for 7-9 hours of sleep a night

Most adults need around 7-9 hours of sleep. This will ensure you have enough time to experience multiple full sleep cycles, key to consolidating memory.

“Maintaining a 7–9-hour overnight sleep daily with all sleep phases naturally present would have benefits for memory encoding and consolidation,” says Dr. Dragoi.

However, it’s important to remember that everyone is different. Some people will feel refreshed after 6 hours and others will need more.

Studies have also recently revealed that sleep quality is more important than quantity, so don’t worry if you can’t quite squeeze a 9 hour sleep into your busy schedule.

A woman in yellow pyjamas dancing as she wakes up in naturally light room

(Image credit: Getty Images)

Pay attention to your sleep hygiene

Sleep hygiene refers to the habits we have that impact our sleep, as well as the environment we sleep in.

“Some other ways to improve sleep for our memory and cognitive life are to avoid exposure to light (particularly blue light) 30 min before going to bed, maintain a lower room and body temperature throughout sleep,” Dr. Dragoi says.

You should also “avoid consumption of heavy food, alcohol, and brain stimulants in the late evening,” he adds.

On top of this, ensure your environment is conducive to sleep. Invest in the best mattress for your sleep needs and the consider what the best pillow for your sleep position is.

A woman sleeping comfortably and cooly on her side over the top of duvets

(Image credit: Getty Images)

How does sleep deprivation impact memory?

If you find yourself fatigued during the day, your memory is probably suffering. “Sleep deprivation not only leaves memories fragile but also damages working memory ability and attention (these are essential for forming new memories,)” Dr. Sultan says.

Sleep deprivation not only leaves memories fragile but also damages working memory ability and attention

Dr. Ryan Sultan

If you’ve missed out on a few hours, you’re probably fine. But serious sleep deprivation can impact your health and ability to form memories massively.

“Very sleep-deprived people often experience attention lapses or “microsleeps” (brief involuntary dozes). During those moments, if information is presented, it won’t be remembered because the brain essentially wasn’t “online” to receive it,” he explains.

Similarly, sleep disorders can be detrimental to our memory. “For instance, older adults with untreated sleep apnea (a condition causing frequent breathing interruptions and awakenings) often report memory and concentration problems.”

If you think insomnia or sleep apnea might be harming your memory, speak to a health professional to discuss a treatment solution.

Lauren Jeffries
Sleep Features Editor

Lauren is an experienced writer and editor in the health and lifestyle industry and has led many campaigns and projects that deliver news, advice, and research on all things sleep. As the Sleep Features Editor for Tom’s Guide, Lauren writes, commissions and edits sleep and mattress content, from in-depth how-tos in sleep and mattress health to interviews with doctors and neuroscientists on the latest news in sleep. Lauren regularly tests new sleep tech and accessories to evaluate their effectiveness for getting good quality sleep and easing specific sleep struggles like nighttime anxiety. Alongside this, Lauren reports on the best mattress brands out there, like Helix, Saatva, and DreamCloud, helping readers find the right mattress for them and the best deals on them. 

You must confirm your public display name before commenting

Please logout and then login again, you will then be prompted to enter your display name.